Evaluating Bottom-Up and Top-Down Effects on Elk Survival and Recruitment: A Case Study in the Bitterroot Valley
- Scientific Disciplines
- Biological Sciences - Terrestrial
- Keywords
- Montana
- mortality
- survival
- elk
- Montana Fish Wildlife Parks
- wolf
- Canis lupus
- recruitment
- Cervus elaphus
- causespecific mortality
- university montana missoula
- Bitterroot Valley
- Authors
- Hebblewhite, Mark
- Thompson, Mike
- Jimenez, Benjamin S.
- Proffitt, Kelly M.
- Christensen, Sonja
- Jourdonnais, Craig
- Years
- 2012
- Volumes
- Volume 18, No. 1-4